Impact of BSG/CD147 gene expression on diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies towards malignant cancers and possible susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2.

BACKGROUND: BSG (CD147) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that shows roles for potential prognostics and therapeutics for metastatic cancers and SARS-CoV-2 invasion for COVID-19. The susceptibility of malignant cancers to SARS-CoV-2 as well as the correlations between disease outcome and BSG expression in tumor tissues have not been studied in depth. METHODS: In this study, we explored the BSG expression profile, survival correlation, DNA methylation, mutation, diagnostics, prognostics, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from different types of cancer tissues with corresponding healthy tissues. In vitro studies for cordycepin (CD), N6-(2-hydroxyethyl) adenosine (HEA), N6, N6-dimethyladenosine (m62A) and 5'-uridylic acid (UMP) on BSG expression were also conducted. RESULTS: We revealed that BSG is conserved among different species, and significantly upregulated in seven tumor types, including ACC, ESCA, KICH, LIHC, PAAD, SKCM and THYM, compared with matched normal tissues, highlighting the susceptibility of these cancer patients to SARS-CoV-2 invasion, COVID-19 severity and progression of malignant cancers. High expression in BSG was significantly correlated with a short OS in LGG, LIHC and OV patients, but a long OS in KIRP patients. Methylation statuses in the BSG promoter were significantly higher in BRCA, HNSC, KIRC, KIRP, LUSC, PAAD, and PRAD tumor tissues, but lower in READ. Four CpGs in the BSG genome were identified as potential DNA methylation biomarkers which could be used to predict malignant cancers from normal individuals. Furthermore, a total of 65 mutation types were found, in which SARC showed the highest mutation frequency (7.84%) and THYM the lowest (0.2%). Surprisingly, both for disease-free and progression-free survival in pan-cancers were significantly reduced after BSG mutations. Additionally, a correlation between BSG expression and immune lymphocytes of CD56bright natural killer cell, CD56dim natural killer cell and monocytes, MHC molecules of HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C and TAPBP, immunoinhibitor of PVR, PVRL2, and immunostimulators of TNFRSF14, TNFRSF18, TNFRSF25, and TNFSF9, was revealed in most cancer types. Moreover, BSG expression was downregulated by CD, HEA, m62A or UMP in cancer cell lines, suggesting therapeutic potentials for interfering entry of SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, our study highlights the values of targeting BSG for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies to fight malignant cancers and COVID-19. Small molecules CD, HEA, m62A and UMP imply therapeutic potentials in interfering with entry of SARS-CoV-2 and progression of malignant cancers.

Post-COVID era: predictive aspect of psychological condition due to sudden pandemic

Covid-19 has impacted the lives of people in various aspects positive as well as negative. It has animpact on different areas of life, including the economy, industries, global markets, agriculture, human health, etc. The virus caused disruptions to daily life and restrictions on activities in many communities during its multiple outbreaks. Hope for a potential end to the pandemic emerged with the stepping up of vaccination campaigns. However, the continual appearance of mutant strains and vaccine hesitancy has been problems both nationally and internationally. People's normal activities, routines, and livelihoods have been disrupted by self-isolation and quarantine, potentially leading to an increase in loneliness, anxiety, depression, insomnia, excessive alcohol and drug use, and self-harm or suicidal activity. The psychological aspects of the post-covid-19 era are the effect of covid-19 on CNS, and physiological and psychological diseases caused due to covid-19. The article explains Post Trauma Stress Disorder as a psychological scar, Social evils arising due to covid-19, and predictive reasons for the increase in mental illness.

The Treatment of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome, Post-Covid-19 Using Aerobic and Resistance Training

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Twenty-five to 50% of individuals who contract COVID-19 develop postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS).3 The underlying etiology remains undetermined, yet there is research to support several root causes. Mechanisms such as dysautonomia, hypovolemia and prolonged bed rest leading to cardiac atrophy provide some indications.2,3,4 Recent research suggests that a structured and supervised training program that includes both aerobic and resistance components, was found to improve oxygen uptake, increase cardiac size, and increase blood volume.1,5 The purpose of this case study is to describe the successful treatment of a 13-year-old female diagnosed with POTS following COVID-19 using aerobic and resistance training. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 13-year-old female student who was being treated for hypermobility, contracted COVID-19 during her plan of care. During this time, she developed symptoms of lightheadedness, headaches, fainting episodes, dizziness and heart palpitations. Her rheumatologist performed an active head up tilt test that was negative for orthostatic hypotension but positive for tachycardia, which indicated a diagnosis of POTS. She was prescribed fluidicortisone with a dose of 1mg twice per day and returned to physical therapy. The interventions included 40 minutes of zone 2 aerobic training with a heart rate range of 151 to 171 beats per minute (BPM) on a recumbent bike and 20 minutes of resistance training of the lower extremities at rate of perceived exertion (RPE) of 7 to 8. The intensity of the aerobic training progressed to zone 3 and greater aerobic training with a heart rate of at least 171 BPM when the resting heart rate was stabilized. OUTCOME(S): The patient completed 26 visits over 4 months. Following the completion of the program, the resting heart rate of the patient returned to 76 BPM from a starting rate of 127 BPM. Heart rate response to exercise was congruent with the subjective RPE reported by the patient without any reoccurring symptoms previously experienced. An active head up tilt test was performed in the clinic without a tachycardic response indicating she was no longer positive for POTS. The patient was able to resume her previous extracurricular activities, including soccer, without symptom provocation. DISCUSSION: The physiological rationale supporting this conclusion consists of a decreased compensatory tachycardic response to upright positions, improved oxygen uptake, increased blood volume and increased cardiac size. Although there was a successful outcome to this case, there are some limitations. Psychological components should be monitored as well as a greater importance of RPE due to due to the inability to accurately detect heart intensity in the diagnosis of POTS.4,1.

E-Learning stress and coping strategies among nursing students at Albaha University during COVID-19 pandemic, Saudi Arabia

Background/Objective: Stress is one of the serious issues that affect university student's life, its effects could be reflected in student social, academical, and mental health, thus this study is to Assess E-learning stress and coping strategies among nursing students at Al-Baha university during Pandemic COVID-19. Method(s): A descriptive cross-sectional study has been utilized in this study. It was conducted at Nursing Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences at Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia. Data was collected from 15th February to 24th March using a convenience sampling technique to select participants. A Stress Likert Scale was adopted from Smith et al., (2014) [9]. It used (29) items questionnaire to gather information regarding stress and Stress-Coping Scale which was adopted from Malik and Javed (2021) [10], consisted of 8 items which scaled. The tools were validated before collecting the required data. The data was analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22. Result(s): Among 110 male and female nursing students at Albaha University, the study showed that nursing students have moderate stress (30%) to high stress (22%) related to contributing factors of E-learning (35% as very stressful and 21% quite stressful), psychosocial stressors related to E-learning (12% as very stressful and 30% quite stressful), physiological stressors related to E-learning (20.67% as very stressful and 29.11% quite stressful). The used coping strategies to face stressors were taking mind off by doing something (74%), getting help from lecturer (66%), getting help from friend (60%), physical activity (54%), taking action (50%) and giving up attempts and praying (48%). The findings also showed that female nursing students have significantly higher stress compared to male students (p-value 0.03) and rural residence significantly increase stress level compared to urban residence (p-value 0.04). Conclusion(s): Nursing students have moderate to high stress, the contributing factors related to E-learning are psychosocial stressors, and physiological stressors.The students took mind off by doing something getting help from lecturer or friend, physical activity, taking action or giving up attempts or praying as coping strategies. Copyright © 2022, Bahrain Medical Bulletin. All rights reserved.

Nutritional appointments among children under 9 years of age in the Maule region, Chile, between 2017 to 2021, the effect of social mobilizations and the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: The nutritional appointments is the first line of care for children with malnutrition or overweight in public primary health, but its normal functioning was affected by social mobilizations and the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective(s): To evaluate trends in consultations among children under 9 years of age in the Maule region, Chile, between 2017 and 2021. Method(s): Descriptive longitudinal study based on data from the Monthly Statistical Records (REM) of the Maule Health Service, the trends were analyzed with coefficient of determination (R2) using Prais-Winsten regression. Result(s): 274,377 nutritional consultations were analyzed, of which 53.8% were overweight and 12.1% with malnutrition. A 56.8% decrease in nutritional consultations was recorded during social mobilizations and 92% at the beginning of the pandemic. A tendency to increase consultations due to malnutrition was observed, especially in children under 12 months of age (R2 0.633, beta=4.45, p<0.001). Conclusion(s): The social and epidemiological situations significantly affected nutritional care in public health. It is necessary to give nutrition professionals greater visibility and promote the development of innovative strategies to deal with this epidemiological scenario. Copyright © 2022, Sociedad Chilena de Nutricion Bromatologia y Toxilogica. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of Sedative and Analgesic Practices and Outcomes in Mechanically Ventilated Patients

INTRODUCTION: Sedative and analgesic agents are used for patient comfort during mechanical ventilation (MV) but can cause deleterious effects such as prolonged MV and delirium. Maintaining light sedation and performing daily awakening trials (DATs) can reduce untoward effects. We assessed the relationship between sedative and analgesic dose and 28-day MV-free survival in medical ICU (MICU), surgical ICU (SICU), and cardiac (CICU) patients, hypothesizing that higher doses would be associated with lower 28-day MV-free survival. METHOD(S): In this single-center retrospective study, MICU, SICU, and CICU patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital from 1/1/21-6/30/21 and on MV admitted for 1-7 days were randomly selected if their goal Sedation Agitation Scale (SAS) score was 3-4. Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics were collected. The primary outcome was correlation between average sedative or analgesic dose and 28-day MV-free survival. Secondary outcomes included time at goal SAS score, DAT completion, and deep sedation (SAS < 3) within 48 hours of intubation. The primary outcome was evaluated using linear regression;secondary outcomes were assessed with descriptive statistics. RESULT(S): 411 subjects, including 99 MICU, 54 SICU, and 27 CICU patients, were evaluated. 53% were male and the median age and weight were 66.5 years (IQR, 56-77) and 84 kg (IQR 70-100), respectively. 8% of MICU patients but no SICU or CICU patients had Covid-19. A history of chronic opioid use was most common in MICU and SICU patients (19% and 17%, respectively) and CICU patients most often had a history of chronic kidney disease (33%). Doses of dexmedetomidine, propofol, midazolam, and fentanyl demonstrated poor correlation with 28-day MV-free survival among all patients, with R-squared values of 0.002, 0.06, 0.01, and 0.1, respectively. The association of sedative dose was strongest for midazolam in MICU patients, with each 1mg/hr increase corresponding to a 0.6 day reduction in 28- day MV-free survival. SAS scores were 3-4 70% of the time, SATs were completed in 73% of appropriate cases, and 57% of patients were deeply sedated within 48 hours of intubation. CONCLUSION(S): In this regression analysis, sedative and analgesic doses were not associated with 28-day MV-free survival in a mixed critically ill population.

Outcome and Morpho-Functional Changes on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Patient with Acute Myocarditis Following Mrna Covid 19 Vaccination

Background: MessengerRNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccination has been associated with a higher-than-expected occurrence of acute myocarditis. Scarce information is available on mid-term prognosis and changes in cardiac function, volumes, and tissue characterization on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Method(s): Retrospective, multicenter study including patients with a definite diagnosis of acute myocarditis within 30 days from mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, with a confirmed myocarditis diagnosis based on endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) or autopsy or by the coexistence of positive biomarkers (troponin >99th upper reference limit or elevated creatine kinase myocardial band [CK-MB]) and cardiac MRI findings consistent with AM according to the 2018 updated Lake Louise Criteria. Result(s): 77 patients (median age 25 years [IQR 20-35], 15% female) were included and followed-up for 147 days [IQR 74-215]. Follow-up CMR was available in n=49 patients and showed no changes in biventricular ejection fraction (EF) as compared to CMR at diagnosis (left ventricular EF: 59%[55-65]vs. 60%[57-64], p=0.507, right ventricular EF: 56%[52-62]vs. 57%[52-61], p=0.563, respectively). Late gadolinium enhancement was present in all patients at diagnosis and persisted in only n=39 (79.6%) at follow-up (p=0.001), generally sparing the anterior wall and the septum. N=10 (20.4%) had a persistent edema based on T2-weighted short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences, with predominant involvement of inferior or inferiorlateral walls. The proportion of patients with increased T1 and T2 mapping signals significantly decreased at follow-up (n=13 (68%) vs. n=4 (13%),p<0.001, and n=21 (84%) vs. n=3 (10%),p<0.001, respectively), as well as the presence of pericardial effusion (n=16 (33%) vs. n=3 (6%),p=0.004). No differences in morpho-functional CMR parameters based on the type of vaccine administered were found (BNT162b2 Pfizer/BioNTech, n=36, 73.5%, m-RNA-1273 Moderna, n=13, 26.5%). Among patients with available follow-up (N=75, 97.4%), no major adverse cardiovascular events nor myocarditis recurrence or death were reported. Conclusion(s): At mid-term follow-up, patients who experienced an acute myocarditis after a mRNA COVID-19 vaccine had preserved biventricular EF. The rate and localization of residual scar or edema on CMR is in line with classic viral myocarditis with a good prognosis. This new piece of information should further reassure patients who experience acute myocarditis after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination.

Irritability in Preschool Children: A Predictor of Adolescent Psychopathology

Objectives: Adolescents are vulnerable populations at risk for mental health disorders due to physical, social, and educational transitions and need to be assessed seriously, especially after the recent COVID-19 pandemic. We aim to understand and identify irritability at a preschool age as a predictor of developing psychopathology later in adolescence. Method(s): A literature search was conducted using relevant Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) keywords in PubMed, MEDLINE, and PubMed Central databases. We identified all relevant published articles from inception until March 31, 2021. Out of 99 studies applied, 19 studies were chosen for full-text review when inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. After a full-text review, we included 6 relevant studies in our final qualitative synthesis review. Result(s): The results of the studies showed an association between preschool irritability and mental health outcomes later in life. A 2019 study showed that irritability in preschoolers predicted later diagnosis of mood and externalizing disorders when controlled for social adversity, maternal history of mood disorders, and externalizing diagnoses at baseline. Irritability early in childhood predicted mania later in life (OR = 1.99;95% CI, 1.19-3.37;p =.009), and the OR of later being diagnosed with depression was 3.11 (95% CI, 1.32-3.27;p =.002) for each point increase in irritability factor score. Results further indicated that high stable irritability in early childhood is a predictor of irritability at age 12 (r =.35;p <.001). A 2021 study reproduced the results showing that preschool irritability predicted internalizing and externalizing comorbidity (OR = 1.67;95% CI, 1.22-2.28;p =.001). Conclusion(s): The findings show that irritability in preschool children is a predictor of internalizing, externalizing, and other behaviors later in life. It indicates an association between preschool irritability and psychopathology later in adolescence. A large-scale well-structured randomized controlled trial is recommended to unearth the potential benefit of identifying irritability in early life. ADOL, IMD, PSC Copyright © 2022

Technology is not the problem: A case study on perspectives of healthcare providers on remote collaborative mental health care in a university student health center

University student health centers play an important role in addressing mental health problems among college students as they serve as an 'entry point' into receiving healthcare. Adopting a collaborative care approach allows healthcare providers to address complex healthcare needs in college students and provide better quality care due to the exchange of knowledge and expertise among various healthcare providers (Donnelly et al., 2021;Knowles et al., 2015). However, collaboration had to be adapted due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and providers had to adapt to this by collaborating mental health care remotely. While extensive research has been conducted on collaborative care, little research has explored the perspectives of healthcare providers on collaborating remotely, especially in a university student health center population. A multi-method, single-case study approach was adopted to explore the perspectives of healthcare providers on remote collaborative mental health care in a university student health center population. Healthcare providers who collaborated mental health care remotely completed a questionnaire that measured the strength of the collaborative relationship with mental health providers, followed by an interview. Data from the questionnaire was used to complement findings from the interview. Qualitative findings suggest that healthcare providers perceived that (1) there was more collaboration under the same entity, (2) collaboration is challenging when providers are working under separate entities, (3) collaboration is valuable, and that (4) in-person collaboration is preferred but remote collaboration is just as effective. Quantitative results suggest that while collaboration was challenging for healthcare providers, they believed that they were able to continue providing high quality care to patients. Findings from this study shed light on the collaborative care process when providers worked under the same versus separate entities. Further, technology was believed to be just as effective as in-person collaboration and was able to circumvent the challenges from working under separate entities and the COVID-19 pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Analysing the effectiveness and outcomes of using technology in supporting those suffering with chronic pain

Chronic pain is a major clinical challenge in Scotland and across Europe as a whole. 18% of the United Kingdom population are currently affected by severe chronic pain. Health Boards and Third Sector Organisations shifted to digital services due to COVID-19. The aim of this literature review was to examine the patient's perception, engagement, and satisfaction of digital pain management services and what this shows for the future after the pandemic. Published literature on chronic pain management studies conducted in the UK or EU from 2017 to 2021 were reviewed. The results of the literature were compared with the latest survey conducted by Pain Association Scotland (PAS) on digital service delivery during the pandemic. Five papers were found. The outcomes reported were acceptance, feasibility, pain intensity, attrition, and cost-savings. When compared with the results from the PAS survey, there were some similarities found in patient engagement and outcomes, namely, increased coping, a reduction in GP visits and the request for a blended model of self-management delivery going forward. Digital chronic pain management is feasible and there is evidence of suggestive benefits during and before the pandemic. There is a need for funding, clear protocols and pathways, resource training and further focused research within the UK population, for this method of service delivery to become mainstream. Copyright © Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

37th Turkish Cardiology Congress

The proceedings contain 160 papers. The topics discussed include: effects of anemia on TAVR outcomes;the impact of moderate to severe mitral regurgitation on mortality in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation;comparison between PeRcutanEous and surgical femoral access for endovascular aortic repair in patients with type III aortic dissection (PRECLOSE trial);comparison of systemic immune-inflammation index levels in patients with isolated coronary artery ectasia versus patients with obstructive coronary artery disease and normal coronary angiogram;recurrent acute coronary syndrome, how successful are we in risk modification and guideline recommendations?;characteristics of the patients with atrioventricular conduction block after ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and its clinical importance;let's not deprive the COVID-19 patient from percutaneous coronary intervention;and the association between invasive microvascular function and CMR-derived microvascular injury indicators and left ventricular function and infarct size at 1-month after reperfused STEMI.

Being a psychiatric resident during COVID times - personal experiences of Hungarian trainees

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic residents of the central region of Hungary also had to adapt to several challenges such as changes of hospitals' specialty profiles and delegation of health care workers to COVID wards. Hungarian residents have their practical training in various hospitals, while their psychiatric academic training is organised in groups. Objective(s): Our aim is to share our personal experiences about how our work and training have changed during the pandemic and it's effect on our patients. Method(s): Participants of the study were the authors of the poster. Responses to open questions were structured based on the following topics: competencies in internal medicine, infectious diseases and psychiatry, our collaboration with other medical disciplines, psychiatric training and attitudes towards mental health patients. Result(s): We worked min 2 weeks max 8 months at COVID wards and also treated COVID-19 infected psychiatric patients, thus gaining a greater experience in general medicine. In psychiatric work, acute care became prominent, communication in PPE and restricted contact with patients' relatives were particularly difficult. Our relationship with other specialists has improved, consultation became easier. Increased use and misuse of psychiatric consultation requests led to further pressure. Restrictions, stigmatisation and discrimination increased against psychiatric patients, including difficult access to care. Psychiatric training in the hospitals became limited, however seminars organized by the university continued online with our active participation. Conclusion(s): During the pandemic we gained greater experience in general medicine. Psychiatric care and our training was negatively affected, however the latter was mitigated by online seminars.

The Pandemic's Impact on Patients with Bipolar Affective Disorder in a Non-COVID Medical Unit

Introduction: Bipolar disorder or manic-depressive illness is a mental disorder which consists of abnormal and long-lasting changes in a person's mood, energy, and ability to function. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic restrictions precipitate the condition of those with bipolar affective disorder. Objective(s): We searched for significant differences before and during the pandemic by analyzing socio-demographic data. Method(s): We carried out a research activity at the I Psychiatry Clinic of the Clinical Hospital of Neuropsychiatry Craiova. We formed two groups of hospitalized patients during 2019 and during 2020, when the pandemic broke out. The inclusion criterion was the presence of bipolar affective disorder as a primary diagnosis. Result(s): The number of cases and the total number of hospitalization days was higher during the pandemic, 101 cases versus 94 cases, 1667 days versus 1184 days. We identified a predominance of females during the pandemic, whereas in the previous year the distribution by sex was approximately equal. Regarding environment, the number of patients from urban and rural areas was approximately equal in 2019, while during the pandemic those in urban areas predominated, possibly due to easier access to psychiatric services. The ages of patients maintained a Gaussian distribution with a concentration of cases between 35-55 years. Conclusion(s): While other psychiatric disorders were less present in the clinic during the pandemic, the number of bipolar affective disorder cases increased. Bipolar affective disorder is a major challenge due to the wide range of symptoms which cross with comorbidities that increase the likelihood of a SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Age and gender differences in coping and mental health during and post COVID-19 lockdown

Introduction:As a reaction to growing number of COVID-19 cases in Quebec, the government issued a lockdown to prevent further spread of the virus in March 2020. The novelty of the imposed restrictions warranted an assessment of adult coping and potential effects on anxiety and depressive symptoms. Objective(s): The purpose of the present study was to evaluate methods of coping employed during Quebec's lockdown and their potential ramifications on anxiety and depressive symptoms postlockdown in Quebec. Method(s): In a retrospective longitudinal design, two-hundred and twenty-three (n = 223) adults (65.5% female;34.5% male) completed the study online. They were asked to fill out several questionnaires and provide demographic information. Result(s): Analysis revealed significant improvement in anxiety symptoms post-lockdown relative to during lockdown across the entire sample. Depressive symptoms also improved significantly across the sample, but the difference was less pronounced among 18-34-year-olds than those 35 and above. Male adults aged 18-34 utilized maladaptive coping strategies to the greatest extent. Moreover, maladaptive coping was significantly associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms and predicted depressive symptoms post-lockdown. Further investigation revealed that young adult males differed from females in their use of substances and selfblame to cope. Conclusion(s): Overall, the data suggest that the lockdown adversely affected anxiety and depressive symptoms among the general population. Furthermore, young adults, particularly males, were most susceptible to depressive symptomatology due in part to their methods of coping with the novel context. A follow-up study is warranted. Future studies should also seek to recruit individuals whose self-identified gender is non-traditional (e.g., non-binary).

Calculation of transmission dynamics parameters and prediction of epidemic size in infectious disease outbreak-based on software R

Objective: Taking the COVID-19 data of the United States as an example, using software R to calculate of the serial interval (SI), basic reproduction number (R0), effective reproduction number (Re), doubling time and the number of COVID-19 using software R to provide a reference for the future epidemic response.

How our families fared with type 1 diabetes home management during the COVID-19 pandemic 2020 lockdown

Introduction: At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was limited data and conflicting evidence regarding the effect of the pandemic on type 1diabetes (T1DM). It was expected that there may be adverse effects on glycemic control and mortality, more so in developing countries like India, with the additional burden of the lockdown on economy and health care. Subsequently, adult and pediatric data from developed countries regarding glycemic control in patients with T1DM were reassuring. Indian data, as well as data from other developing countries from pediatric T1DM addressing such issues are sparse and have conflicting conclusions. Furthermore, possible factors influencing glycemic control were not evaluated by most reports from our country. Objective(s): We evaluated the effect of the 2020 lockdown on glycemic control and lifestyle of children withtype1diabetes (T1DM). Method(s): Children and young adults with T1DM (n = 104, mean +/- SD age 13.4 +/- 4.5 years), were questioned telephonically, regarding access to health care, insulin, food and lifestyle changes during lockdown. Pre and post lockdown HbA1c, body weight, and modifying factors were analyzed. Result(s): A change in brand of insulin was necessary in 54% and physiologically wrong insulin was being used in 4.8% patients. HbA1c improved significantly post lockdown versus the 1 year pre-COVID average (7.59 +/- 1.77 vs. 8.61 +/- 1.80, p < 0.05). Parents attributed it to better supervision by (both) parents due to their presence at home, and less opportunity to consume energy dense food. Median (IQR) home blood glucose testing frequency was significantly low during lockdown [14(15) vs. 21.5(3.7) pre-lockdown, p < 0.001]. Decreased exercise occurred in 40% and excess weight gain in 51.5%. Conclusion(s): Despite problems of access to health care and adverse lifestyle conditions, improved parental supervision and meal quality and timing had favorable effect on diabetes management, which is reflected by improvement of HbA1c in a small cohort of our children.

Sleep Quality Of College Students During COVID-19 Outbreak In China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction * Poor sleep quality among college students is a global problem. Chinese college students were required to home quarantine, social distance and participate in online learning during the COVID-19 epidemic. This study aimed to investigate the sleep quality of college students during the epidemic and identify the factors related to poor sleep quality. Methods · Study participants completed an online survey that included questionnaires about sleep symptoms and lifestyle during the COVID-19 outbreak. The study participants included 3416 college students (mean age 20.4 ± 1.8 years). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure sleep quality, and a PSQI score >7 was defined as poor sleep quality. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors related to sleep quality. Results · The percentage of college students with poor sleep quality was 15.97 % in southern Anhui province during the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of the students were female (67.4%) and most were from urban areas (53.9%). Single-parent (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.39;95% CI, 1.02-1.89) domestic violence incidents ≥5×/yr (aOR, 3.68;95% CI, 1.70 to 7.96), nap time >4 hr/d (aOR, 1.90;95% CI, 25-2.90) were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. While knowledge of COVID-19 was prevalent (aOR, 0.71;95% CI, 0.53 to 0.96) light exercise >1 hour/day (aOR, 0.47;95% CI, 0.28 to 0.78), parent-accompanied exercise >3×/wk (aOR, 0.59;95% CI, 0.38 to 0.90) were protective factors against poor sleep quality. Conclusions · The present study found that college students in single-parent families and students who had experienced domestic violence had a high risk of poor sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. College students who were familiar with COVID-19 and had light exercise habits or parent-accompanied exercise habits had better sleep quality. At the time of writing, COVID-19 was still pandemic worldwide, so targeted sleep health interventions must be established to actively guide college students' healthy living habits. In addition, the sleep disorders and other health problems that may occur in college students should be dealt with in advance, and should be part of the routine work of global disease prevention.

The Role of the World Health Organization in Increasing the Capacity of COVID-19 Laboratories in Indonesia

Objective: The aim of this research to explore the role of WHO in increasing the capacity of the COVID-19 laboratories in Indonesia. Method(s): Explorative research, assesses deeply about issues or social phenomena that is not widely understood, new cases that have not been handled optimally. This study explores various data and information regarding the development of Corona cases and WHO program to solve the health crisis through data, literature review, and interview. Result(s): The role of WHO in increasing the capacity of COVID-19 laboratories in Indonesia can be seen in two sectors, namely surveillance activation and improvement of national laboratory diagnostics. To activate and strengthen the surveillance, several actions were taken by WHO, such as introducing the COVID-19 surveillance system to the Indonesian Government, supporting surveillance activities on various platforms, utilizing the Influenza Surveillance System to track COVID-19 cases, anticipating the increase of COVID-19 cases due to religious event, broadening the contact tracing network, developing an application to track close contact, and facilitating regular training for contact tracing officer. In the second sector, improvement of national laboratory diagnostic, WHO is actively supplying COVID-19 testing kits to Indonesia, conducting capacity building for laboratory staff, creating guidelines for COVID-19 testing, activating the existing Influenza Laboratory as COVID-19 Laboratory, and monitoring the quality of COVID-19 diagnostic. Conclusion(s): In order to increase the capacity of COVID-19 Laboartory in Indonesia, WHO actively contributes in strengthening the surveillance system and improving national laboratories' diagnostic. Copyright © 2022 Candrawati et al.